Craft glass bottle manufacturing mainly includes material preparation, melting, forming, annealing, surface treatment and processing, inspection and packaging processes.
1.Preparation of compound: including raw material storage, weighing, mixing and transmission of compound.The compound material is required to be evenly mixed and stable in chemical composition.
2.melting: the melting of bottle glass is carried out in the continuous operation flame pool kiln (see glass melting kiln).The daily output of horizontal flame pool kiln is generally more than 200T, and the large one is 400 ~ 500T.The daily output of horseshoe flame pool kiln is more than 200t below.
Glass melting temperature up to 1580 ~ 1600℃.Melting energy consumption accounts for about 70% of the total energy consumption in production.Energy can be effectively saved through comprehensive heat preservation of the tank kiln, improving the distribution of the stock pile, increasing the combustion efficiency and controlling the convection of the glass liquid.Bubbling in the melting tank can improve the convection of glass liquid, strengthen the process of clarification and homogenization, and increase the discharge amount.
Using electric heating to aid melting in flame kiln can increase output and improve quality without increasing melting kiln.
3. molding: the main use of molding method, the application of blowing – blowing molding small bottle, pressure – blowing molding wide mouth bottle (see glass manufacturing).Less use of regulatory methods.Automatic bottle-making machine is widely used in the production of modern glass bottles.This bottle-making machine has certain requirements on the weight, shape and uniformity of the drops, so the temperature in the feeding tank must be strictly controlled.There are many types of automatic bottle-making machine, among which determinant bottle-making machine is the most commonly used.Determinant bottle-making mechanism has a wide range and great flexibility in bottle making. It has been developed into 12 groups, double drop or three drop molding and microcomputer control.
4.annealing: annealing of glass bottles is to reduce the permanent stress of glass residue to the allowed value.Annealing is usually carried out in the mesh belt continuous annealing furnace, the highest annealing temperature is about 550 ~ 600℃.Net belt annealing furnace (FIG. 2) adopts forced air circulation heating, so that the temperature distribution in the transverse section of the furnace is consistent and an air curtain is formed, which limits the longitudinal air flow movement and ensures the uniform and stable temperature of each belt in the furnace.
5. Surface treatment and processing: generally through the method of coating the hot end and the cold end of the annealing furnace for the surface treatment of glass bottles.
Advanced cosmetics and perfume bottles are often ground and polished to eliminate mold spots and increase luster. The glass glaze is applied to the surface of the bottle, baked at 600℃, and fused with the glass to form a permanent pattern.
If the use of organic pigment decoration, only by 200 ~ 300℃ melting.
6.Inspection: find out the defective products, to ensure the quality of products.The defect of glass bottle is divided into glass itself defect and bottle forming defect.The former includes bubbles, stones, stripes and color errors;The latter are cracks, uneven thickness, deformation, cold spots, wrinkles and so on.
In addition, check the weight, capacity, tolerance of bottle mouth and body size, resistance to internal stress, heat shock and stress relief.Beer bottles, drinks and food bottles due to high production speed, large batch, relying on visual inspection has been unable to adapt, there is now automatic inspection equipment, bottle mouth inspector, crack inspector, wall thickness inspection device, extrusion tester, pressure tester, etc..
7. Packaging: corrugated cardboard box packaging, plastic box packaging and pallet packaging.All have been automated.Corrugated cardboard box packaging from empty bottle packaging until filling, sales, use the same carton.Plastic box packaging the use of plastic box can be recycled.Pallet packaging is to arrange qualified bottles into rectangular array, move to pallet stacking layer by layer, to the specified number of layers will be wrapped.
It is usually covered with plastic film, which is heated to shrink, tightly wrapped into a solid whole, and then bundled, which is also known as thermoplastic packaging.
Post time: Sep-08-2021